ortography | IPA | AS | example | IPA | AS | translation EN | translation CZ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | a | a | anioł | aɲɔw | ańou̯ | angel | anděl |
a̟ | ȧ | siać | ɕa̟t͡ɕ | śȧć | to sow | sít | |
ą | ɔw̃ | oũ̯ | wąż | vɔw̃ʂ | voũ̯š | snake | had |
ɔj̃ | oĩ̯ | gąsię | ɡɔj̃ɕɛ | goĩ̯śe | gosling | house | |
ɔ̝j̃ | ȯĩ̯ | siąść | ɕɔ̝j̃ɕt͡ɕ | śȯĩ̯ść | sit down | sednout si | |
ɔm | om | dąb | dɔmp | domp | oak | dub | |
ɔmʲ | om′ | dąbki | dɔmʲpʲkʲi | dom′p′ḱi | little oaks | doubky | |
ɔ̝mʲ | ȯm′ | ziąbie | ʑɔ̝mʲbʲjɛ | źȯm′b′i̯e | cold [N Loc Sg] | chladu | |
ɔn | on | oglądać | ɔɡlɔndat͡ɕ | oglondać | to watch | dívat se | |
ɔnʲ | on′ | oglądnij | ɔɡlɔnʲdʲɲij | oglon′d′ńii̯ | watch [V Imp 2 Sg] | podívej se | |
ɔ̝nʲ | ȯn′ | majątki | majɔ̝nʲtʲkʲi | mai̯ȯn′t′k′i | estates | majetky | |
ɔɳ | oṇ | pączek | pɔɳt͡ʂɛk | poṇček | doughnut | kobliha | |
ɔɳʲ | oṇ′ | pączki | pɔɳʲt͡ʂʲkʲi | poṇ′č′ḱi | doughnuts | koblihy | |
ɔ̝ɳʲ | ȯṇ′ | pajączki | pajɔ̝ɳʲt͡ʂʲkʲi | pai̯ȯṇ′č′ḱi | little spiders | pavoučci | |
ɔɲ | oń | krzyknąć | kʂɨknɔɲt͡ɕ | kšyknońć | to cry out | zakřičet | |
ɔ̝ɲ | ȯń | pociąć | pɔt͡ɕɔ̝ɲt͡ɕ | poćȯńć | to cut into pieces | nakrájet | |
ɔŋ | oη | drąg | drɔŋk | droηk | pole [N Nom Sg] | tyč | |
ɔŋʲ | oη′ | drągi | drɔŋʲɡʲi | droη′ǵi | poles [N Nom Pl] | tyče | |
ɔ̝ŋʲ | ȯη′ | pociągi | pɔt͡ɕɔ̝ŋʲɡʲi | poćȯη′ǵi | trains [N Nom Pl] | vlaky | |
ɔ | o | wziął | vʲʑɔw | v′źou̯ | took [V 3 M Sg] | vzal | |
b | b | b | burza | buʐa | buža | storm [N Nom Sg] | bouře |
p | p | chleb | xlɛp | χlep | bread | chleba | |
bʲ | b′ | bilet | bʲilɛt | b′ilet | ticket | jízdenka | |
pʲ | p′ | chlebki | xlɛpʲkʲi | χlep′ḱi | little bread [N Nom Pl] | chlebíčky | |
c | t͡s | c | cel | t͡sɛl | cel | target [N Nom Sg] | cíl |
d͡z | ʒ | tancbuda | tand͡zbuda | tanʒbuda | dance floor | taneční parket | |
t͡sʲ | c′ | clić | t͡sʲlʲit͡ɕ | c′l′ić | to clear customs | clít | |
ch | x | χ | chyba | xɨba | χyba | perhaps | asi |
ɣ | γ | klechda | klɛɣda | kleγda | fable [N Nom Sg] | pověst | |
xʲ | χ′ | podsłuchiwać | pɔtswuxʲivat͡ɕ | potsu̯uχ′ivać | to eavesdrop | odposlouchávat | |
ɣʲ | γ′ | klechdzie | klɛɣʲd͡ʑɛ | kleγ′ʒ́e | fable [N Loc Sg] | pověsti | |
c + i + C | t͡ɕ + i + C | ć + i + C | cicho | t͡ɕixɔ | ćiχo | quietly | ticho |
c + i + V | t͡ɕ + V | ć + V | ciocia | t͡ɕɔ̝t͡ɕa | ćȯća | aunt | tetička |
cz | t͡ʂ | č | czekać | t͡ʂɛkat͡ɕ | čekać | to wait | čekat |
d͡ʐ | ǯ | liczba | lʲid͡ʐba | l′iǯba | number [N Nom Sg] | číslo | |
t͡ʂʲ | č′ | czip | t͡ʂʲip | č′ip | microchip | čip | |
d͡ʐʲ | ǯ′ | liczbie | lʲid͡ʐʲbʲjɛ | l′iǯ′b′i̯e | number [N Loc Sg] | číslu | |
ć | t͡ɕ | ć | bić | bʲit͡ɕ | b′ić | to hit | bít |
d͡ʑ | ʒ́ | choćby | xɔd͡ʑbɨ | χoʒ́by | at least | alespoň | |
d | d | d | dal | dal | dal | distance [N Nom Sg] | dálka |
t | t | chód | xut | χut | gait | chůze | |
dʲ | d′ | dinozaur | dʲinɔzawr | d′inozau̯r | dinosaur | dinosaurus | |
tʲ | t′ | prędki | prɛnʲtʲkʲi | pren′t′ḱi | quick | rychlý | |
ɖ | ḍ | drzewo | ɖʐɛvɔ | ḍževo | tree | strom | |
ʈ | ṭ | słodszy | swɔʈʂɨ | su̯oṭšy | sweeter | sladší | |
ɖʲ | ḍ′ | drzwi | ɖʲʐʲvʲi | ḍ′ž′v′i | door | dveře | |
ʈʲ | ṭ′ | mądrzcie się | mɔɳʲʈʲʂʲt͡ɕɛ ɕɛ | moṇ′ṭ′š′će śe | play a wise guy [V Imp 2 Sg] | dělejte chytráky | |
dz | d͡z | ʒ | chodzę | xɔd͡zɛ | χoʒe | go [V 1 Sg] | chodím |
t͡s | c | wódz | vut͡s | vuc | chief [N Nom Sg] | náčelník | |
d͡zʲ | ʒ′ | nędznieć | nɛnʲd͡zʲɲɛ̝t͡ɕ | nen′ʒ′ńėć | to become wretched | chudnout | |
t͡sʲ | c′ | ludzki | lut͡sʲkʲi | luc′ḱi | human [A Nom M Sg] | lidský | |
dz + i + C | d͡ʑ + i + C | ʒ́ + i + C | dziś | d͡ʑiɕ | ʒ́iś | today | dnes |
dz + i + V | d͡ʑ + V | ʒ́ + V | dzień | d͡ʑɛ̝ɲ | ʒ́ėń | day | den |
dź | d͡ʑ | ʒ́ | dźwig | d͡ʑvʲik | ʒ́v′ik | crane | jeřáb |
t͡ɕ | ć | bądź | bɔɲt͡ɕ | bońć | either | buď (a nebo) | |
dż | d͡ʐ | ǯ | dżem | d͡ʐɛm | ǯem | jam [N Nom Sg] | džem |
t͡ʂ | č | brydż | brɨt͡ʂ | bryč | bridge (card game) | bridž | |
d͡ʐʲ | ǯ′ | dżin | d͡ʐʲin | ǯ′in | gin | gin | |
t͡ʂʲ | č′ | różdżki | ruʂʲt͡ʂʲkʲi | ruš′č′ḱi | twigs | větvičky | |
e | ɛ | e | chleb | xlɛp | χlep | bread | chleba |
ɛ̝ | ė | sieć | ɕɛ̝t͡ɕ | śėć | to sow | sít | |
ę | ɛw̃ | eũ̯ | węch | vɛw̃x | veũ̯χ | smell [N Nom Sg] | čich |
ɛj̃ | eĩ̯ | gęś | ɡɛj̃ɕ | geĩ̯ś | goose | husa | |
ɛ̝j̃ | ėĩ̯ | mięśnie | mʲjɛ̝j̃ɕɲɛ | mi̯ėĩ̯śńe | muscles | svaly | |
ɛm | em | dębowy | dɛmbɔvɨ | dembovy | oaken | dubový | |
ɛmʲ | em′ | bezzębi | bɛzːɛmʲbʲi | be•zem′b′i | toothless [A Nom M Pl] | bezzubí | |
ɛ̝mʲ | ėm′ | przeziębienie | pʂɛʑɛ̝mʲbʲjɛ̝ɲɛ | pšeźėm′b′i̯ėńe | common cold | nachlazení | |
ɛn | en | okręt | ɔkrɛnt | okrent | ship [N Nom Sg] | koráb | |
ɛnʲ | en′ | błędni | bwɛnʲdʲɲi | bu̯en′d′ńi | wrong [A Nom M Pl] | chybní | |
ɛ̝nʲ | ėn′ | świętsi | ɕfʲjɛ̝nʲtʲɕi | śf′i̯ėn′t′śi | holier [A Nom M Pl] | svatější | |
ɛɳ | eṇ | pajęczyna | pajɛɳt͡ʂɨna | pai̯eṇčyna | spiderweb | pavučina | |
ɛɳʲ | eṇ′ | klęcznik | klɛɳʲt͡ʂʲɲik | kleṇ′č′ńik | hassock | klekátko | |
ɛ̝ɳʲ | ėṇ′ | jęczmień | jɛ̝ɳʲt͡ʂʲmʲjɛ̝ɲ | i̯ėṇ′č′m′i̯ėń | barley | ječmen | |
ɛɲ | eń | rtęć | rtɛɲt͡ɕ | rteńć | mercury | rtuť | |
ɛ̝ɲ | ėń | cięcie | t͡ɕɛ̝ɲt͡ɕɛ | ćėńće | cut [N Nom Sg] | řez | |
ɛŋ | eη | ręka | rɛŋka | reηka | hand [N Nom Sg] | ruka | |
ɛŋʲ | eη′ | ręki | rɛŋʲkʲi | reη′ḱi | hands [N Nom Pl] | ruce | |
ɛ̝ŋʲ | ėη′ | piękni | pʲjɛ̝ŋʲkʲɲi | pi̯ėη′k′ńi | beautiful [A Nom M Pl] | krásní | |
ɛ | e | imię | imʲjɛ | im′i̯e | first name | jméno | |
f | f | f | fakt | fakt | fakt | fact | fakt |
v | v | Afganistan | avɡaɲistan | avgańistan | Afghanistan | Afghánistán | |
fʲ | f′ | finał | fʲinaw | f′inau̯ | final [N Nom Sg] | finále | |
vʲ | v′ | offbeat | ɔvʲbʲit | ov′b′it | offbeat | offbeat | |
g | ɡ | g | gorzka | ɡɔʂka | goška | bitter [A Nom F Sg] | hořká |
k | k | wróg | vruk | vruk | enemy [N Nom Sg] | nepřítel | |
ɡʲ | g′ | gil | ɡʲil | ǵil | bullfinch | hýl | |
kʲ | k′ | ostrogski | ɔstrɔkʲsʲkʲi | ostroḱs′ḱi | Ostrog [A Nom M Sg] | ostrogský | |
h | x | χ | herbata | xɛrbata | χerbata | tea | čaj |
ɣ | γ | Bohdan | bɔɣdan | boγdan | Bohdan [name] | Bohdan | |
xʲ | χ′ | historia | xʲistɔrʲja | χ′istor′i̯a | history | dějiny | |
ɣʲ | γ′ | mahdi | maɣʲdʲi | maγ′d′i | Mahdi | mahdi | |
i | i | i | ile | ilɛ | ile | how many | kolik |
C [- s, z, c, dz, n] + i | Cʲ + i | C′ + i | pisk | pʲisk | p′isk | squeal [N Nom Sg] | vřískot |
C [- s, z, c, dz, n] + i + V | Cʲ + j + V | C′ + i̯ + V | piasek | pʲjasɛk | p′i̯asek | sand [N Nom Sg] | písek |
j | j | i̯ | ja | ja | i̯a | I | já |
k | k | k | kasza | kaʂa | kaša | groats | kroupy |
ɡ | g | jakby | jaɡbɨ | i̯agby | as if | jakoby | |
kʲ | k′ | kino | kʲinɔ | ḱino | cinema | kino | |
ɡʲ | g′ | blokdiagram | blɔɡʲdʲjaɡram | bloǵd′i̯agram | block diagram | blokové schéma | |
l | l | l | luk | luk | luk | trapdoor | průlez |
l̥ | l̦ | myśl | mɨɕl̥ | myśl̦ | thought [N Nom Sg] | myšlenka | |
lʲ | l′ | lis | lʲis | l′is | fox | liška | |
l̥ʲ | l̦′ | myślcie | mɨɕl̥ʲt͡ɕɛ | myśl̦′će | think [V Imp 2 Pl] | myslete | |
ł | w | u̯ | łaska | waska | u̯aska | grace [N Nom Sg] | milost |
ʍ | u̯̦ | jabłko | japʍkɔ | i̯apu̯̦ko | apple | jablko | |
wʲ | u̯′ | weekend | wʲikɛnt | u̯′ikent | weekend | víkend | |
ʍʲ | u̯̦′ | jabłkiem | ja̟pʲʍʲkʲɛm | i̯ȧp′u̯̦′ḱem | apple [N Instr Sg] | jablkem | |
m | m | m | myszka | mɨʂka | myška | little mouse | myška |
m̥ | m̦ | romantyzm | rɔmantɨsm̥ | romantysm̦ | Romanticism | romantismus | |
mʲ | m′ | miska | mʲiska | m′iska | bowl [N Nom Sg] | miska | |
m̥ʲ | m̦′ | kosmkiem | kɔsʲm̥ʲkʲɛm | kos′m̦′ḱem | villus [N Instr Sg] | klkem | |
n | n | n | nabić | nabʲit͡ɕ | nab′ić | to load | nabít |
n̥ | n̦ | blizn | bʲlʲisn̥ | b′l′isn̦ | scars [N Gen Pl] | jizev | |
nʲ | n′ | ranni | ranʲɲi | ran′ńi | injured [A Nom Pl M] | ranění | |
ɳ | ṇ | garnczek | ɡarɳt͡ʂɛk | garṇček | little pot | hrneček | |
ɳʲ | ṇ′ | garnczki | ɡarʲɳʲt͡ʂʲkʲi | gar′ṇ′č′ḱi | little pots | hrnečky | |
ŋ | η | bank | baŋk | baηk | bank [N Nom Sg] | banka | |
ŋ̊ | η̦ | piosnka | pʲjɔsŋ̊ka | p′i̯osη̦ka | song | písnička | |
ŋʲ | η′ | banki | baŋʲkʲi | baη′ḱi | banks [N Nom Pl] | banky | |
ŋ̊ʲ | η̦′ | czosnki | t͡ʂɔsʲŋ̊ʲkʲi | čos′η̦′ḱi | garlic [N Nom Pl] | česneky | |
w̃ | ũ̯ | rynsztok | rɨw̃ʂtɔk | ryũ̯štok | gutter [N Nom Sg] | stoka | |
n + i + C | ɲ + i + C | ń + i + C | nisko | ɲiskɔ | ńisko | low | nízko |
n + i + V | ɲ + V | ń + V | niebo | ɲɛbɔ | ńebo | heaven | nebe |
ń | ɲ | ń | dzień | d͡ʑɛ̝ɲ | ʒ́ėń | day | den |
ɲ̊ | ń̦ | pieśń | pʲjɛ̝ɕɲ̊ | p′i̯ėśń̦ | song | píseň | |
j̃ | ĩ̯ | koński | kɔj̃sʲkʲi | koĩ̯s′ḱi | equine [A Nom M Sg] | koňský | |
jm | i̯m | hańba | xajmba | χai̯mba | disgrace [N Nom Sg] | hanba | |
jmʲ | i̯m′ | hańbi | xajmʲbʲi | χai̯m′b′i | disgrace [V Imp 2 Sg] | zahanbuj | |
jn | i̯n | słońce | swɔjnt͡sɛ | su̯oi̯nce | sun | slunce | |
jɳ | i̯ṇ | pomarańcza | pɔmarajɳt͡ʂa | pomarai̯ṇča | orange [N Nom Sg] | pomeranč | |
jɳʲ | i̯ṇ′ | tańczcie | tajɳʲt͡ʂʲt͡ɕɛ | tai̯ṇ′č′će | dance [V Imp 2 Pl] | tančete | |
jŋ | i̯η | bańka | bajŋka | bai̯ηka | can [N Nom Sg] | bandaska | |
jŋʲ | i̯η′ | bańki | bajŋʲkʲi | bai̯η′ḱi | cans [N Nom Pl] | bandasky | |
o | ɔ | o | osioł | ɔɕɔw | ośou̯ | donkey | osel |
ɔ̝ | ȯ | ciocia | t͡ɕɔ̝t͡ɕa | ćȯća | aunt | tetička | |
ó | u | u | stół | stuw | stuu̯ | table | stůl |
u̟ | u̇ | Józio | ju̟ʑɔ | i̯u̇źo | Józio [name] | Józio [jméno] | |
p | p | p | para | para | para | a pair | pár |
b | b | krepdeszyn | krɛbdɛʂɨn | krebdešyn | crêpe de chine | krepdešín | |
pʲ | p′ | pisk | pʲisk | p′isk | squeal [N Nom Sg] | vřískot | |
r | r | r | rak | rak | rak | cancer | rakovina |
r̥ | r̦ | wiatr | vʲjatr̥ | v′i̯atr̦ | wind [N Nom Sg] | vítr | |
rʲ | r | ring | rʲiŋk | r′iηk | ring [N Nom Sg] | ring | |
r̥ʲ | r̦′ | mędrkiem | mɛnʲtʲr̥ʲkʲɛm | men′t′r̦′ḱem | know-all [N Instr Sg] | všeználkem | |
rz | ʐ | ž | rzeka | ʐɛka | žeka | river | řeka |
ʂ | š | krzesło | kʂɛswɔ | kšesu̯o | chair | židle | |
ʐʲ | ž′ | drzwi | ɖʲʐʲvʲi | ḍ′ž′v′i | door | dveře | |
ʂʲ | š′ | trzcina | ʈʲʂʲt͡ɕina | ṭ′š′ćina | reed | třtina | |
s | s | s | sala | sala | sala | hall | sál |
z | z | lesba | lɛzba | lezba | lesbian [N Nom Sg] | lesba | |
sʲ | s′ | sinus | sʲinus | s′inus | sine | sinus | |
zʲ | z′ | lesbijka | lɛzʲbʲijka | lez′b′ii̯ka | lesbian [N Nom Sg] | lesbička | |
s + i + C | ɕ + i + C | ś + i + C | siła | ɕiwa | śiu̯a | force | moc |
s + i + V | ɕ + V | ś + V | siatka | ɕatka | śatka | net [N Nom Sg] | síť |
sz | ʂ | š | szal | ʂal | šal | shawl | šála |
ʐ | ž | kaszgarski | kaʐɡarʲsʲkʲi | kažgar′s′ḱi | Kashgar [A Nom M Sg] | kašgarský | |
ʂʲ | š′ | szisza | ʂʲiʂa | š′iša | shisha | vodní dýmka | |
ʐʲ | ž′ | fiszbin | fʲiʐʲbʲin | f′iž′b′in | whalebone | kostice | |
ś | ɕ | ś | ktoś | ktɔɕ | ktoś | somebody | někdo |
ʑ | ź | prośba | prɔʑba | proźba | request [N Nom Sg] | prosba | |
t | t | t | tak | tak | tak | yes | ano |
d | d | futbol | fudbɔl | fudbol | football | fotbal | |
tʲ | t′ | tiara | tʲjara | t′i̯ara | tiara | tiára | |
dʲ | d′ | politbiuro | pɔlʲidʲbʲjurɔ | pol′id′b′i̯uro | politburo | politbyro | |
ʈ | ṭ | trzeba | ʈʂɛba | ṭšeba | it's necessary | třeba | |
ɖ | ɖ | grotżagiel | ɡrɔɖʐaɡʲɛl | groḍžaǵel | mainsail | hlavní plachta | |
ʈʲ | ṭ′ | trzcina | ʈʲʂʲt͡ɕina | ṭ′š′ćina | reed | třtina | |
u | u | u | jutro | jutrɔ | i̯utro | tomorrow | zítra |
u̟ | u̇ | judzić | ju̟d͡ʑit͡ɕ | i̯u̇ʒ́ić | impel | pobízet | |
V + u | V + w | V + u̯ | auto | awtɔ | au̯to | car | auto |
w | v | v | woda | vɔda | voda | water [N Nom Sg] | voda |
f | f | twój | tfuj | tfui̯ | your [Pron Nom M Sg] | tvůj | |
vʲ | v′ | wina | vʲina | v′ina | guilt | vina | |
fʲ | f′ | twierdza | tʲfʲjɛrd͡za | t′f′i̯erʒa | fortress | tvrz | |
y | ɨ | y | syn | sɨn | syn | son | syn |
z | z | z | zadanie | zadaɲɛ | zadańe | task | úkol |
s | s | raz | ras | ras | once | jednou | |
zʲ | z′ | zintegrować | zʲintɛɡrɔvat͡ɕ | z′integrovać | to integrate | integrovat | |
sʲ | s′ | zarazki | zarasʲkʲi | zaras′ḱi | microbes | mikrobi | |
z + i + C | ʑ + i + C | ź + i + C | zima | ʑima | źima | winter | zima |
z + i + V | ʑ + V | ź + V | zielony | ʑɛlɔnɨ | źelony | green [A Nom M Sg] | zelený |
ź | ʑ | ź | późno | puʑnɔ | puźno | late [Adv] | pozdě |
ɕ | ś | weź | vɛɕ | veś | take [V Imp 2 Sg] | vezmi | |
ż | ʐ | ž | może | mɔʐɛ | može | maybe | možná |
ʂ | š | nóż | nuʂ | nuš | knife | nůž | |
ʐʲ | ž′ | żigolak | ʐʲiɡɔlak | ž′igolak | gigolo | gigolo | |
ʂʲ | š′ | pieniążki | pʲjɛ̝ɲɔw̃ʂʲkʲi | p′i̯ėńoũ̯š′ḱi | money | peníze |